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A Tale of Two Mines:
Get Real to Get Rich

Robert Martin
subman@gte.net
September 23, 2003

The road to the future may get pretty rough, but the smoothest parts will be paved with gold and silver.

This is a tale about two mines: The Sunshine Mine in Kellogg, Idaho, and Mineral Ridge in Silver Peak, Nevada. It is also a story about the two companies that own them: Sterling Mining Company (SRLM website) and Golden Phoenix Minerals (GPXM website) respectively.

Last month, I left my home overlooking Diamond Head in Honolulu and traveled 8,000 miles to visit these two historic mines. I returned home with a host of memories, a pile of credit card receipts, and two treasured souvenirs: Palm-sized mineral samples, one dark and one light. The dark gray sample is from deep within the Sunshine Mine. It feels extremely dense, saturated with lead and molybdenum and most importantly, silver. The lighter tan-and-white rock comes from the open pit at Mineral Ridge. It is predominantly quartz, flecked with gold. While the rocks are about as different as they can be, the similarities between the mines, their operating companies, and their futures are quite stunning.

First, a brief disclaimer is in order. I am not an investment advisor, nor do I work in the securities or the mining industries. I am simply an interested investor who owns shares in SRLM and GPXM. What follows are my opinions and no one should construe them as investment advice. My own due diligence prompted me to visit these two mines, and I am very glad I did. I encourage potential investors to conduct their own research prior to committing risk capital to any investment.

Before I tell you about my trip, let me explain why I choose to invest in junior mining companies. For those of us concerned about our government's rampant reflation efforts and seeking protection against possible deflation, K-winter or the instability of fiat dollars, only gold and silver offer a truly "generic" solution. That's because like the US$, gold and silver are 1) universal money, 2) universal stores of value, and 3) universal commodities. An added benefit is that, unlike the US$, gold and silver are nobody's liability, and much to Mr. Bernanke's distaste, they can't be created out of 'electronic' thin air. Depending on how the future plays out, by owning all three in some quantity, an investor can move between them, always seeking the safest harbor. It's a form of personal arbitrage, offering low risk and high return.

Over the past two years, I have been trading some of my dollars for gold coins and silver bullion as well as shares in gold and silver mining companies. At some point in the future I may reverse course, and trade the bullion or shares for dollars (or Swiss francs, or yuan, or euros). My goals are to 1) preserve what I have, and 2) make a handsome profit in the process. It's really that simple. It doesn't require me to know the future, only to prepare for some likely scenarios.

Owning dollars, gold coins and silver bullion is self-evident, but I desire to have a portion of my portfolio in gold and silver mining shares. The shares provide huge leverage that owning the metals themselves do not, and that can make fortunes. Junior mining stocks and exploration plays naturally provide the greatest leverage.

This brings me to my main point. Anyone looking to leverage their position in gold and silver shares should regard Sterling Mining (SRLM) and Golden Phoenix Minerals (GPXM) as bookends for their junior mining portfolio; one silver bookend and one golden bookend.

The Real McCoy

"Why Sterling and Golden Phoenix and not the countless other junior possibilities?" you ask me, eyeing a list of juniors as long as your arm (and growing by the minute).

"Simple," I respond, "Because they are both real."

"What's real?" you ask.

I'll tell you what's real, because I have seen it with my own two eyes. Real is:
.

  • A combined 250+ years of mining history resulting in 350 million ounces of silver production from Sunshine and 629,000 ounces of gold from Mineral Ridge.
    .
  • Two historic properties that languished for years under bad management and price manipulation, then by way of bankruptcies, washed out all their debt and were acquired for pennies on the dollar. That's leverage, and that's real.
    .
  • Mineral claims and land owned outright; roads, power lines, leach piles, processing equipment, outbuildings and officesall established, all paid for, all real.
    .
  • Mining permits in place. Environmental issues resolved. Nothing to block operations from occurring. That's very real.
    .
  • Mineral reserves and measured resource already established to the SEC's rigorous (i.e. conservative) guidelines.
    .
  • The right kind of management. Seasoned men with years of experience in mining and exploration and finance. Men who own large blocks of their company's stock. Men who don't pay themselves large salaries or hand out lavish perks. Men who are careful about spending money but have the vision and the intention to make money. I have not met Sterling's Ray DeMotte, but I am told he is a hard-nosed guy who spends money carefully. That's my kind of leader - conservative with cash, aggressive with vision. Ditto for Golden Phoenix's Michael Fitzsimonds, whom I do know. There are no fancy cars, no big offices, no executive salaries. These two gentlemen are only going to get richer by making their stock rise. That's real.

"That's all well and good," you say, "but aren't these properties kind of old and tired, like yesterday's news? Where's the pizzazz, the sizzle, the big future?"

Ah, the future, so that's it! Let's be honest. Those of us who invest in junior mining companies are obsessed with the future. Why? Because the present is nothing. Take your typical junior mining company. What you've got is basically a junior exploration company consisting of a handful of people, an office in Vancouver or Denver, a website, a couple of claims, and a lease on some drilling gear. One-out-of-a-hundred might find meaningful deposits. One-out-of-three-hundred will be around to actually harvest those deposits.

Don't get me wrong. I appreciate that juniors are critical to the mineral industry. They are the ants that relentlessly crawl around looking for gold and silver in every nook and cranny. It is a necessary and thankless task, one that the majors can't afford to conduct. Why? Because by its very nature it's a losing proposition. If it wasn't, we'd all be buying bullion by the pallet at Costco to use as doorstops and paperweights. So the majors let the ants do most of the crawling, starving, searching and dying. And those few ants that actually straggle back to the nest with a morsel of gold or silver are rewarded with a buyout by the "big boys" and then set loose to try it all over again.

But remember, I am trying to accomplish two tasks: Wealth preservation and wealth appreciation. I am prudent enough to organize my assets for preservation, but greedy enough to still want some future upside, if only to offset Sir Alan's mind-boggling march toward reflation-at-all-cost.

So if I am going to invest in juniors, and if I want to limit my risk while maximizing my leverage, I want real, and I want future potential.

"OK," you retort, "I'll accept the idea that Sunshine Mine and Mineral Ridge are real, but where's the gold and silver for tomorrow? Where's their future?"

That's easy to answer. Their future is right next to their past. Within a stone's throw of the place where tens of thousands of ounces of gold or silver have been recovered are large sections of existing claims that have never been prospected, never been assayed, never been drilled.

And this is why I own SRLM and GPXM. It's not about what they were, it's about what they are becoming.

A Visit to Sunshine

I stood in an office at the foot of the Sunshine Mine and stared at a cross-sectional map of the mountain, which is the mine. A Sterling geologist placed his finger on an area of the map honeycombed by tunnels down to 5,700 feet, saying, "350 million ounces of silver came from here." He moved his hand a few inches to the right, pointing to the back portion of the mountain unmarked by a single tunnel or intrusion. "This side of the mountain has never been explored."

"Why not?" I asked.

"Because," the geologist explained, "they had so much silver over there, they never needed to look over here."

As it turns out, the miners of 100 years ago were able to locate the Sunshine Mine by following a vein, from where it broke to the surface, down through the mountain a mile deep into the earth. There was so much silver in such high percentages in those original veins that they never got around to exploring the back half. I'm sure they intended to at some time in the future, but the falling price of silver coupled with bloated corporate debt forced the mine to close long before they could finish recovering the silver they already knew about. (That's the 26 million ounces of reserves on the mine's books waiting to be extracted). The geologist went on to say that, given the nature of the proven mineralization, there is no reason to believe that the back half of the mountain is any different from the front half. "There could conceivably be 100 million ounces right here," he said, pointing to an area 500 feet from the old tunnels. "Or 200 million, or 300 million," he added. "We won't know until we drill."

This discussion occurred on August 14th with SRLM's stock trading at $2.80. Thirty days earlier it had been trading at $0.75. Six days later it hit $5.00. And on August 26th the following press release appeared:

Sterling Mining Announces Surface Exploration Program at the Sunshine Mine

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 27, 2003 10:00 AM
- BusinessWire
COEUR D'ALENE, Idaho, Aug 27, 2003 (BUSINESS WIRE) -- Sterling Mining Company (SRLM) is pleased to announce plans for a surface exploration program at the legendary Sunshine Mine. In June 2003, Sterling Mining signed a lease, with option to purchase, on the Sunshine, the richest silver mine in American history with more than 350 million ounces of production over the past century. At the time of its closure in early 2001, the Sunshine was producing silver at a rate of over three million ounces per year at an average grade of roughly twenty ounces per ton.

Geochemical and geophysical surveys are planned for areas between the Sunshine Mine and the Silver Summit Shaft (on what was formerly the Con-Sil property) with the intention of identifying surface drill targets and, ultimately, of expanding mineralized tonnage and reserve estimates.

Hmmm, so you think this is an old, tired mine? That area "between the Sunshine Mine and the Silver Summit Shaft" is exactly the place the geologist was pointing out to me on the map. Suppose they find another 100 million ounces there. Suddenly we have a fully permitted and environmentally sanctioned operation - complete with access, power and equipment. It's situated two miles off a major interstate highway in one of the most productive mining districts in the world, all of which is located in a country that boasts a stable government, enforceable legal system, favorable exchange rate, and a ready and able workforce of experienced miners living nearby! It's not as romantic as slogging through some Argentine wilderness, or dodging mosquitoes in the jungles of New Guinea, or 'outbacking' on a camel south of Kalgoorlie. But it's not Bre-X either. It's real very, real.

What if silver goes to $6.00 an ounce or $7.00 or ? That's the kind of leverage I am looking for. This mine can make money at these prices, and that's before taking into account Sterling's nine other claim groupings in the Silver Valley. Ray DeMotte has positioned Sterling for a prominent position in any silver run over the coming decade. There is plenty of depth and breadth to this company. As a "non-expiring option" on silver, and given its small float (3.5 million shares which are now in strong hands), it is basically a first class junior play on silver, with some exposure to gold, copper and other metals.

Snapshot of Sterling Mining Company: An aggressive exploration and holding company with primary focus on silver. The Sunshine Mine (leased with option to purchase) is the newest and largest addition (10 square miles) to Sterling's portfolio. Sterling also holds nine other claim groupings in the Silver Valley totaling 2,450 acres. Additionally, it holds five claim groupings in Idaho and Montana containing principally gold, silver, copper and platinum, with additional claims in Arizona and Nevada. Estimated 3.5 million shares in the float, 10 million shares fully diluted.)

"But the price of SLRM just exploded by 500 percent," you moan. "Sure, maybe you got in at fifty-five cents, but I didn't, and now that horse has left the barn!"

Well, maybe so, but my expectation is that SLRM will be trading at another 5x multiple to its current price at some point in the intermediate future. And besides, you still have a second chance, and its name is Golden Phoenix.

Touring Mineral Ridge

Driving over hard ground near the top of the ridge that bears the mine's name, I gradually came to realize how large Mineral Ridge Mine is and how little of it has been explored. Guiding me was Steve Craig, VP of Golden Phoenix and its chief geologist. He's a guy with 23 years experience finding gold for Kennecott. He left the security of that huge company to join Mike Fitzsimonds in developing Mineral Ridge and other properties. He gave up his corporate security in large part because of Mineral Ridge and the opportunity and challenge it presents.

As we drove over rough ground, Steve talked about the land the way a maestro might conduct a Mozart concerto. He pointed out the various deposits, dating each one in terms of millions of years, and described the geologic forces that formed them. We examined some of the 58 miles of existing tunnels. We walked through the open pit operations. We visited the leach field and preg pond, and I watched the gold-laden leach solution as it was processed for extraction. I was genuinely surprised by the excellent condition of the roads, the power lines, the outbuildings, and the processing equipment. Mineral Ridge is a vibrant place, and it is being methodically brought back into production by two very determined guys. Two guys whose seriousness of purpose is matched only by their drive to expand and succeed.

At half a dozen points along our journey, Steve would stop the truck and outline the areas that were never explored. He described in detail the prospective reasons for test drilling here, and there, and there, and there. Later, talking with one of the mine's most experienced supervisors, I was told "The exploration potential of this property is absolutely mind boggling."

Is there a lot more gold in them thar hills? Mike and Steve are certainly convinced there is. While that remains to be proven to the marketplace, for me as an investor, the significance of Mineral Ridge is that it can be proven, and without too much effort or cost. Basically, all that's needed is a drill rig. Through a series of well designed step out programs, guided by a steady hand, this property can be unwrapped like a birthday present, revealing what's inside. All the outward evidence tells us that there's a whole lot inside. So if and when new deposits are located and measured, little stands in the way of their rapid, low cost exploitation. The existing pad has capacity to handle several million more tons of ore.

What doesn't need to be proven is that Mineral Ridge is a well-developed mining property with the infrastructure needed to operate, the permits to do so, the $2.7 million bond posted, cyanide injected into the leach field, and gold being poured. There is enough measured gold in its existing leach pad alone to fund its current operations for years. The leaching circuit is just now settling into routine operation and gold recovery is rising.

Like Sunshine Mine, Mineral Ridge is both proven and prospective; it has an established past and a promising future. Isn't that what prudent investors need to prepare for uncertain times? Plus Golden Phoenix has two other significant properties, Borealis with its 1.4 million ounce gold resource, and Contact with its one billion pound copper resource. This provides the foundation for a powerful hedge against inflating commodity prices and general economic uncertainty.

Best of all, while SRLM has already broken out to the upside and is trading as of this writing at $3.95 a share, GPXM is currently trading below 40 cents.

Snapshot of Golden Phoenix Minerals: An aggressive mineral-property development company focused on advanced-stage projects. Its three principal properties are (1) Mineral Ridge Mine in Silver Peak, Nevada (4.2 square miles) with a measured reserve of 502,000 ounces of gold and a three-phase development plan currently in Phase One with gold being poured; (2) Borealis Mine near Hawthorne, Nevada (10 square miles) with a cumulative resource of 1.4 million ounces of gold and 6.9 million ounces of silver, currently under development in joint venture with Gryphon Gold; (3) Contact Mine in Elko County, Nevada (11 square miles) with an indicated and measured resource of 1.05 billion pounds of copper. Estimated 30.6 million shares in the float, 89.1 million shares outstanding.

When Bad News is Good News

First the bad news:

Golden Phoenix has been bound in a 30-to-40 cent trading range for some time. It is public knowledge that one of its founding investors (a proven supporter with impeccable credentials for whom I have great respect) has been routinely selling shares. SEC records indicate that, during the past 12 months, over 2.6 million shares under the control of this one individual have been announced in 45 separate filings. From this, I infer two things:

1). By the piecemeal nature of the sales announcements, the seller is reluctant to part with shares until absolutely necessary and then only in the smallest amount needed at the time;

2). Denied the luxury of choosing only to sell into strength (which Jim Sinclair espouses so strongly), these sales could amplify any downward momentum in the stock price, especially on those days when trading volume is thin.

Now the good news:

It is my opinion that such on-going selling may have helped to extend GPXM's normal period of accumulation, allowing investors, like myself, the chance to continue to buy-in at prices which no longer reflect the dramatic progress that has been made at Mineral Ridge over the past twelve months.

By my calculation, Golden Phoenix's asset base, including mining claims, properties, improvements, reserve and resource, permits, bond, and its joint venture with Gryphon Gold at Borealis Mine (which deserves a whole separate essay) should be valued today at $1.25 a share. And that's before any further exploratory drilling occurs. I urge you to do your own research and come to your own conclusions.

Why would a dedicated investor who provided essential support to Golden Phoenix at critical stages in its development want to liquidate shares so early in the game? The answer, in my opinion, is that they don't want to, but they may have to. For, in addition to supporting GPXM, they are deeply committed to a new technology venture that most likely has required on going infusions of start-up capital. Perhaps their GPXM shares have been sold, reluctantly, to help support this new venture, either directly or indirectly.*

If this is correct, then GPXM is, in effect, carrying two companies forward, not just one. In light of that, its stock performance has been exemplary. When the selling stops, GPXM could uncoil rapidly, rising 100-200-even-300%, much like SRLM did this past summer.

Now for the best news:

A recently-published report states that the new venture has achieved a gross profit on a consolidated basis during the second quarter for the first time in its history. So as the new venture grows financially stronger, it is reasonable to expect this potential source of GPXM sales to taper off and then cease.

By the time it does, whether that occurs next week or next year, I believe that GPXM will have demonstrated - through its asset base, its increasing gold production, its growing reserve metrics, and its many expansion activities - that it is worth three or four times the current price, with much, much more to come.

Seize the Day

Every junior faces challenges, and neither Sterling nor Golden Phoenix is an exception to that rule. There remain the typical funding issues and technical hurdles that are part and parcel of the small-cap mining industry in general. I do not seek to make light of these challenges, but rather to put into perspective the sizable advantages both companies have when compared to most others seeking to open mines. My point is simply this: If it is true that a rising tide in precious metals lifts all ships, these two companies appear particularly well positioned to get underway with a full head of steam.

So keep an eye on Sterling Mines and Golden Phoenix Minerals. Consider using them as bookends to your junior mining portfolio. If the price of Sterling moves out of reach, think about taking advantage of this current situation to accumulate GPXM at discount rates, while one still can.

And always remember: The road to the future may get pretty rough, but the smoothest parts will be paved with gold and silver.

Robert Martin
September 23, 2003

Sterling Mining Company SRLM website
Golden Phoenix Minerals GPXM website

P.S. Anyone wishing to comment on this report, or share information or observations, is invited to contact me at subman@gte.net.

* For the record, I have no argument with either long-term investors or company principals trading smaller blocks around their core position, and I presently do the same.
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